The Impact of Preoperative Education on Patients' Anxiety Levels in Kogi State Hospitals
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Background of the Study
Surgical procedures, particularly those that are invasive, can be sources of significant anxiety and fear for patients (Sharma et al., 2024). Preoperative anxiety is common among patients, often caused by uncertainty about the surgery, fear of complications, and concerns about postoperative recovery (Akinmoladun et al., 2023). Such anxiety can adversely affect patients' physiological responses, hinder recovery, and increase the risk of postoperative complications (Alobaidi & Matar, 2024). Preoperative education has been suggested as a powerful tool to reduce anxiety by improving patients' understanding of the surgery, the recovery process, and their role in managing postoperative care (Eze et al., 2023).
In Kogi State, hospitals continue to experience challenges in addressing preoperative anxiety, with a lack of structured educational programs for patients prior to surgery (Olatunji et al., 2023). Studies have indicated that many patients are not adequately informed about the surgical procedures they are about to undergo, leading to heightened stress and anxiety levels (Ibrahim & Adamu, 2023). Preoperative education, whether delivered verbally, through written materials, or multimedia presentations, has been shown to improve patient outcomes by reducing anxiety and enhancing their overall satisfaction with the surgical experience (Olusanya et al., 2024).
This study aims to evaluate the impact of preoperative education on patients' anxiety levels in hospitals in Kogi State, assessing how different methods of education can reduce anxiety and contribute to better surgical outcomes.
Statement of the Problem
Preoperative anxiety is a prevalent issue among surgical patients in Kogi State hospitals, leading to stress-related complications and delayed recovery. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of preoperative education in reducing anxiety among these patients. The absence of a structured preoperative education program in many hospitals may be contributing to the persistence of this issue. Addressing this problem could improve patient outcomes and satisfaction, as well as reduce the psychological burden associated with surgery.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the impact of preoperative education on reducing patients' anxiety levels in Kogi State hospitals.
- To compare the effectiveness of different methods of preoperative education (verbal, written, multimedia) in reducing patient anxiety.
- To assess the relationship between reduced preoperative anxiety and improved surgical outcomes.
Research Questions
- How does preoperative education affect patients' anxiety levels in Kogi State hospitals?
- Which methods of preoperative education (verbal, written, multimedia) are most effective in reducing patient anxiety?
- What is the relationship between reduced preoperative anxiety and improved surgical outcomes in Kogi State hospitals?
Research Hypotheses
- Preoperative education significantly reduces patients' anxiety levels before surgery in Kogi State hospitals.
- Multimedia-based preoperative education is more effective in reducing anxiety compared to verbal and written methods.
- Patients who experience reduced preoperative anxiety have better surgical outcomes compared to those with higher anxiety levels.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will be limited to adult patients undergoing elective surgery in Kogi State hospitals. The study will focus on evaluating the impact of preoperative education on anxiety levels and will not address other psychological factors influencing patients' experiences. Limitations include potential biases in self-reported anxiety levels and the challenge of isolating the effect of preoperative education from other factors influencing patient anxiety.
Definitions of Terms
- Preoperative Education: Information provided to patients before surgery to help them understand the procedure, the recovery process, and how to manage their health post-surgery.
- Preoperative Anxiety: The feelings of worry, fear, and nervousness that patients experience prior to undergoing a surgical procedure.
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